The fraud of the Bank Run Scare

Where the case is made that it would have been better, cheaper, and less inflationary for the government to simply print money to replace the missing funds of failed banks rather than bail them out.

Dean Baker in Guardian.uk:

Was the bank bailout necessary?

Saving zombie banks supposedly prevented financial collapse. But would letting them fail really have been so bad?

US Treasury secretary Timothy Geithner says that we don't need to bail out the banks anymore based on the results of his stress tests. We should follow up quickly on his assessment and start shutting the special Fed lending facilities enjoyed by the banks, the FDIC loan guarantee programme and the AIG slush fund.

However, given the hundreds of billions that have already gone out the door, it is still worth asking whether this bailout was necessary. The argument made by many economists was that it would cost taxpayers more money to do an FDIC-type takeover of banking behemoths like Citigroup and Bank of America than the tens of billions handed over to keep them afloat. In their story, the taxpayer bailout of bank stockholders, bondholders and top management was an unfortunate side effect.

While the next step in this argument is a calculation of the cost of a bite-the-bullet now approach versus a handout-and-wait strategy. With the right assumptions, the handout-and-wait strategy can be shown to come out on top, so we really were just helping ourselves when we gave hundreds of billions of dollars to the bankers that wrecked the economy.

But this calculation not only requires a very specific set of assumptions, it also requires some really bad logic, a commodity supplied in abundance by nation's top economists. The economists claimed that killing the zombie banks would cost more money because it would effectively set in motion a bank run.

The argument goes that people would withdraw money even from insured deposits. The result would be that the government would suddenly be liable to make good on all the banks' deposits, which could easily exceed the value of their assets by more than $1tn. The economists argued that it was better to have costly bailouts than to deal with a massive collapse.

To see the fallacy in the economists' logic, suppose that the banks' depositors gathered together $1tn in cash. Suppose they accidentally set the cash on fire and burnt it up so that $1tn in cash no longer existed.

What if the government then stepped in and replaced the lost money. However, instead of borrowing money in the bond market, it simply printed up another $1tn in cash. In this case, there is no greater debt burden on the government in the future, since the $1tn has no interest costs.

Nor is there any threat of inflation as a result of the printing up an additional $1tn. The newly minted $1tn simply replaced $1tn that was destroyed. There is no more money in circulation as a result of this printing than there had been before the big fire.

In short, replacing the $1tn destroyed by the fire imposes no real cost on the government at all. (If this all sounds a little too fast and loose, it is. If we let the depositors suffer their $1tn loss, then the rest of us would be richer as a result. The depositors would have less claim on the economy's output, leaving more for the rest of us.)

How does this relate to the great bank heist of 2008-2009? It's very simple. If we actually got the scary bank runs described by the leading economists, then the Fed could just print the money needed to make the depositors whole. This additional money would not add in any real sense to the government's debt burden. We would just be replacing money that had effectively disappeared with new money. This would impose no additional interest costs, nor would it increase the threat of inflation.

The great benefit of going this route is that it would not use taxpayer dollars to reward the bankers executives who got us into this mess, and the bondholders and stockholders who were foolish enough to trust them with their money. We could honour all guaranteed deposits while allowing the bondholders and stockholders to enjoy the full fruit of their risk-taking. In other words, they would get wiped out, which is what is supposed to happen in a capitalist economy.

We would also replace the bank executives with more competent people, who presumably would work for much lower pay. As quickly as possible the banks would be restructured and then sold back to the private sector. That is the way things are supposed to work in a market economy.

In short, there were really no legitimate horror stories, at least from the taxpayers' side. The horror stories were only horror stories for the bank executives and their bondholders and shareholders. The economists who missed the housing bubble helped to deceive the public yet again and steer more taxpayer dollars in the pockets of this wealthy clique.

Next up: Switzerland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Korea

Speaking of Iceland...

independent.co.uk:

"Is Switzerland the next Iceland?"

[. . .]

The woes of its banks, and UBS in particular, have rocked Switzerland, where the financial sector accounts for almost 15 per cent of output. The government said it did not intend to hold the stake in UBS for many years and hoped to sell it to private investors soon. It will impose changes in corporate governance and risk controls in return for the state's support.

The capital increase will lift UBS's tier one capital ratio to 11.5 per cent by the end of the year from 10.4 per cent. After its fundraising, Credit Suisse's tier one ratio would have been 13.7 per cent at the end of September, compared with the 10.8 per cent the bank reported.

[. . .]

Like other governments, Switzerland has acted to try to stop the financial crisis wreaking havoc on the wider economy. With banks refusing to lend to each other, the cost and lack of credit for small businesses and corporations threatens to turn the economic downturn into a punishing recession.

"This package of measures will contribute to the lasting strengthening of the Swiss financial system," the government said. "The resulting stabilisation is beneficial for overall economic development in Switzerland and is in the interests of the economy as a whole."

Ukraine and Baltic states also hit hard by the financial crisis

With even the mighty Swiss banking system needing government support, it will come as little surprise that a swathe of emerging market economies are suddenly looking fragile.

Ukraine emerged yesterday as the winner of the title "the next Iceland", with the International Monetary Fund offering the former Soviet republic up to $14bn (£8bn) to shore up its financial system. An IMF delegation landed in the country on Wednesday to try to stabilise the country's battered banking sector and ailing currency, hit hard by the global financial crisis. The central bank was forced to impose restrictions on deposit withdrawals and lending after panicked savers rushed to empty their accounts, draining the banking system of more than $1.3bn. The authorities also had to rescue two key banks and battle a sharp fall in the currency as the stock market plunged.

Ukraine emerged as the biggest crisis after Hungary agreed to borrow up to €5bn from the European Central Bank. Capital Economics warned that there were risks for a swathe of emerging European economies in the Baltics and the Balkans, including Lithuania and Latvia.

Their problem is that they have been living beyond their means by borrowing to finance increases in their standard of living.

Jitters spread to Asia yesterday after Standard & Poor's, the credit rating agency, warned that Korean banks would struggle to repay their debt.